作者 | 廣果学习中心

学术写作的前后文连接 (information flow) 是指如何从一句话过渡到下一句话。合理、清晰的过渡有助于读者理解作者想表达的意思。

常用的过渡方法有三类[1]:

一、使用连接词
连接词可以是副词或连词。譬如:表转折 although, however, despite;表因果 because, therefore, hence;表对比while, in contrast 等。使用的时候注意词性和标点符号。

二、使用从旧到新(Old-to-New) 的信息流
在一句句子中,把前一句出现过的内容作为“旧”的信息放在句子较前的位子,把“新”的信息放在较后的位置,如下图。这样有助于在句与句之间建立连贯性。

例如[2]:
1 During conventional acoustic excitation, a sound pressure wave is transmitted from the ear canal to the stapes, launching a forward traveling wave on the BM that peaks at different longitudinal locations according to the frequency content of the sound. 2 A complement to the traveling wave is an intracochlear compression wave, which is generated due to the volumetric change at the stapes. 3 It travels at the speed of sound in water, and does not contribute to the motion of the BM in our present model.
这里有三句话,第1句话的后半部分出现了一个新的信息 traveling wave,这个信息在第2句话开始的时候被提到,这样就把第1和第2句话连接起来了。然后第2句话的后半部分又提出了一个新的信息 compression wave,这个信息在第3句话的开头被代词it 提到,这样这样就把第2和第3句话连接起来了。

三、使用 This + summary 的结构
用简单的词或短语作为 summary 概括前一句或多句的内容,通过 This + summary 引出下一句。
例如[2]:
1 Our model prediction may overcome the difficulty: if the cochlea is perturbed at a focal longitudinal location, the response of the stapes under an acoustic click shows systematically delayed coda in the temporal domain and localized fluctuations in the frequency domain (see Fig 9C and 9D). 2 This information can be used to identify the longitudinal location of the damage with the known frequency-location or the group delay-location mapping.
第2句开头的 information 就是概括、指代第1句的内容,通过 This information 引出第2句,句意从 information 的内容转折到该 information 有什么价值。

 

参考文献:
[1] John M. Swales & Christine B. Feak, Academic Writing for Graduate Students: Essential Tasks and Skills, University of Michigan Press ELT; 3rd edition (July 9, 2012)
[2] Y. Li & K. Grosh, The Coda of the Transient Response in a Sensitive Cochlea: A Computational Modeling Study, PLoS Comput Biol. 2016 Jul; 12(7): e1005015.